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Consumer credit agreements

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Consumer credit agreements

Outline of the Community (European Union) legislation about Consumer credit agreements

Topics

These categories group together and put in context the legislative and non-legislative initiatives which deal with the same topic.

Internal market > Single market for capital

Consumer credit agreements

Document or Iniciative

Directive 2008/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2008 on credit agreements for consumers and repealing Council Directive 87/102/EEC.

Summary

This Directive aims to harmonise the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States covering credit for consumers, in order to facilitate cross-border services. It shall increase the transparency of contractual conditions and improve the level of consumer protection.

However the Directive is not applicable to credit agreements that are:

  • secured by a mortgage;
  • concluded for the purchase of land or immovable property;
  • whose total amount is less than 200 euros or more than 75 000 euros;
  • relating to lease or hire where there is no obligation to purchase;
  • granted free of interest, without other charges or in the form of an overdraft facility;
  • concluded with an investment company;
  • the result of a judicial ruling;
  • linked to the payment or to the surety of a debt;
  • linked to loans granted to a limited group of the public.

Member States may also apply a less restrictive regime to organisations with social aims and activities that only profit their members, where they offer an annual percentage rate of charge which is lower than the current market rate.

During the pre-contractual phase,the creditor * or their intermediaries * must supply clear information on the main features of the credit offered in due course. In particular, this concerns:

  • the duration of the credit agreement;
  • the total amount of credit;
  • the borrowing rate and rates relating thereto;
  • the annual percentage rate of charge * and the total amount owed by the consumer *;
  • the amount, number and frequency of instalments;
  • the cash price for goods or services supplied against specific payment terms or a linked credit agreement;
  • costs linked to or resulting from the agreement;
  • contractual obligations;
  • consumer rights;
  • the consequences of late payments and defaults;
  • sureties.

Consumers shall receive this information in a standard form as stipulated in Annexe II of the Directive.

Apart from an obligation to supply comprehensive pre-contractual information, creditors must supply consumers with adequate explanations so that the latter may choose a contract which corresponds to their needs and to their financial situation. In addition creditors must evaluate the solvency of their clients before concluding an agreement, whilst also respecting the right of consumers to be informed when their request for credit is rejected.

The contract must restate the main information relating to the credit offer chosen. If the borrowing rate is modified *, the consumer must be informed of the new amount, the number and frequency of instalments.

Consumers may exercise their right to withdraw by notifying the creditor of their intention, without having to justify their decision. This must take place within fourteen days from the conclusion of the agreement.

Consumers also have the right to make early repayment of their debt. They can exercise this right at any time, as long as the creditor receives fair compensation which is objectively justified.

Member States shall ensure that creditors and credit intermediaries fulfil their obligations. They shall ensure that audits are carried out by an independent authority.

Context

This Directive repeals Directive 87/102/EEC in order to strengthen consumer protection. It must be implemented in Member States before 2 May 2010.

Key terms of the Act
  • Creditor: any natural or legal person who grants or promises to grant credit in the course of their trade, business or profession.
  • Credit intermediary: a natural or legal person who does not act as a creditor and who, in the course of their trade, business or profession:
    1. presents or offers credit agreements to consumers;
    2. assists consumers by carrying out preparatory work for agreements;
    3. concludes credit agreements with consumers on behalf of the creditor.
  • Total amount payable by the consumer: the sum of the total amount of the credit and the total cost of the credit to the consumer.
  • Annual percentage rate of charge: the total cost of the credit to the consumer, expressed as an annual percentage of the total amount of credit.
  • Borrowing rate: the interest rate expressed as a fixed or variable percentage applied on an annual basis to the amount of credit drawn down.

References

Act Entry into force Deadline for transposition into the Member States Official Journal

Directive 2008/48/EC

11.6.2008

12.5.2010

L 133/66 of 22.5.2008

Resources

Further Reading

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  • WEIN, TH., Eine ökonomische Analyse der neuen Verbrauchsgüterkaufrichtlinie zum Gewährleistungsrecht, Universität Lüneburg, Fachbereich Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften, Arbeitsberitch Nr. 228.
  • WEISNER, “Die EG-Kaufrechtsgewährleistungsrichtlinie”, JuS, 2001, pp. 759 y ss.
  • WELSER, R., “Der Vorschlag einer EU-Richtlinie über den Verbrauchsgüterkauf ”, Festschrift Hempe, 1997, pp. 323 y ss.
  • WELSER, R., “Die Verbrauchergüterkauf-Richtlinie und ihre Umsetzung in Österreich und Deutschland”, en P. SCHLECHTRIEM, Wandlungen des Schuldrechts, Baden Baden, 2002, pp. 83 y ss.
  • WELSER, R., “Reform des österreichischen Leistungsstörungsrechts”, en C. FISCHER-CZERMAK (Coord.), Das ABGB auf dem Weg in das 3. Jahrtausend, Wien, Manz, 2003, pp. 63 y ss.
  • WELSER, R./JUD, B., Reform der Gewährleistungsrechts, Verhandlungen des 14. Österreichischen Juristentages, Band II/1, 2000.
  • WELSER, R./JUD, B., Die neue Gewährleistung, 2001.
  • WERTENBRUCH, “Gefahrtragung beim Versendungskauf nach neuem Schuldrecht”, JuS, 2003, pp. 625 y ss.
  • WESTERMANN, H.-P., “Das neue Kaufrecht einschließlich des Verbrauchsgüterkaufs”, JZ, 2001, pp. 530 y ss.
  • WESTERMANN, H.-P., “Kaufrecht im Wandel”, in SCHULZE/SCHULTE-NÖLKE, Die Schuldrechtsreform vor dem Hintergrund des Gemeinschaftsrechts, 2001, pp. 109 y ss.
  • WESTERMANN, H.-P., “Sondertagung Schuldrechtsmodernisierung – Das neue Kaufrecht einschließlich des Verbrauchsgüterkaufs”, JZ, 2001, pp. 530 y ss.
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  • WOLF, “Reform des Kaufrechts durch EG-Richtlinie – ein Vorteil für die Wirtschaft? – Die möglichen Auswirkungen einer Richtlinie über den Verbrauchsgüterkauf und -garantien auf das deutsche Kaufrecht und die Wirtschaft”, RIW, 1997, pp. 899 y ss.
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    • Competition in transport

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    Competition in transport

    Outline of the Community (European Union) legislation about Competition in transport

    Topics

    These categories group together and put in context the legislative and non-legislative initiatives which deal with the same topic.

    Competition > Rules applicable to specific sectors > Competition in transport

    Competition in transport

    Competition within the transport industry enables citizens to benefit from efficient and cheaper transport. Free competition also acts as a driving force to open up European networks and therefore gives investments and the network a continental dimension. In this context, the European Union is focusing on regulating this competition through legislation applicable to each mode of transport and a framework for State aid.

    ANTITRUST LEGISLATION

    Transport by rail, road and inland waterway

    • Competition in transport by rail, road and inland waterway

    Maritime transport

    • Freedom to provide maritime transport services
    • Freedom to supply services, competition, unfair pricing practices and free access to ocean trade
    • Exemption for certain agreements between liner shipping companies (“consortia”)

    Air transport

    • Exemption of certain air transport agreements from EU competition rules
    • Exemptions from consultations on passenger tariffs and slot allocation at airports

    STATE AID LEGISLATION

    Transport by rail, road and inland waterway

    • Public passenger transport service by rail and road

    Maritime transport

    • Community approach to State aid for transport by sea
    • State aid to shipbuilding (I)
    • State aid to shipbuilding (II)

    Air transport

    • Guidelines on State aid for developing regional airports

    Community approach to State aid for transport by sea

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    Community approach to State aid for transport by sea

    Outline of the Community (European Union) legislation about Community approach to State aid for transport by sea

    Topics

    These categories group together and put in context the legislative and non-legislative initiatives which deal with the same topic.

    Competition > Rules applicable to specific sectors > Competition in transport

    Community approach to State aid for transport by sea

    This instrument aims to improve transparency and determine which State aid programmes may be launched in order to support Community maritime interests. >

    Community approach to State aid for transport by sea [Official Journal C 205, 05.07.1997].

    Summary

    Historical background

    The aim of the Community’s maritime policy has been to ensure freedom of access to maritime transport markets throughout the world for safe, non-polluting ships, if possible flying the flags of Community Member States and crewed by nationals of Member States. This approach has enabled markets to be opened up and a broad spectrum of maritime transport operations to be offered to the consumer. However, for many reasons the number of ships flying Member State flags and the number of Community seafarers employed have shrunk considerably.

    The lack of competitiveness of Community flags was recognised in the late 1980s and, in the absence of Community harmonising measures, the Member States unilaterally took action in order to safeguard their seafaring interests. In 1989 the Commission mapped out the initial approaches in order to ensure a certain consistency among the Member States’ activities. Those approaches have been re-examined, particular account being taken of, their fiscal aspects.

    Scope and general aims of the revised approaches to State aid

    The current approaches cover all of the aid given to maritime transport by the Member States of the Community or via public monies. That includes all financial benefits, in whatever form, funded by the public authorities, that concept extending to public companies and State controlled banks.
    The existing approaches do not cover aid granted to shipyards under Directive 90/684/EEC, nor do they draw any distinction between recipient types in terms of their legal status (companies, partnerships, private individuals), nor between the public and private sectors.

    Without exception State aid may only be granted for ships registered in Member States. The reasons for this are as follows:

    • to safeguard Community jobs throughout the seafaring sector;
    • to maintain Community seafaring know-how and to develop seafaring skills;
    • to improve safety.

    Taxation of shipping companies

    Several non-member countries offer tax incentives that attract shipowners. They see in this good reasons for switching flags and contemplating relocation. In order to combat this fiscal competition several Member States have taken action that is intended to make their tax environment more attractive to shipping companies. Such tax abatements are considered to be State aid.

    Since the aim of State aid within the common transport policy is to boost the competitiveness of Community fleets on the world market for sea transport services, tax concession systems require, without exception, a link with a Community flag.

    Moreover, since the aim is also to help to expand the maritime transport sector and the number of jobs within that sector in the Community’s interest, the tax incentives must be restricted to maritime transport activities. The Member States’ normal taxation practice is maintained for all other activities, shareholder dividends and directors’ pay.

    Salary costs

    In terms of State aid and the cutting of labour costs maritime transport is a particular case since such aid may be considered to be compatible with the common market (Commission Notice on monitoring of State aid and reduction of labour costs – Official Journal C 1, 03.01.1997).

    However, the aim of support for the maritime sector must be to reduce the costs and tax burdens borne by Community shipowners and seafarers (i.e. those subject to the tax system and/or social security contributions in a Member State) to levels comparable with those in the rest of the world.

    As part of its approach the Commission advocates authorisation of the following:

    • reducing the social contributions made by Community seafarers working on board ships flying a Member State flag;
    • reducing the income tax paid by Community seafarers working on board ships flying a Member State flag.

    Crewing relief

    The aid for crewing relief is intended to lower the cost of employing seafarers on board ships sailing in distant waters. That aid may be granted in the form of payments or of reimbursing the cost of repatriating Community seafarers working on ships flying Member State flags.

    Investment aid

    Investment in new vessels must obey the rules applying to shipbuilding. Other forms of investment aid may be authorised in accordance with Community policy on safety at sea where it is a matter of:

    • improving on-board equipment;
    • promoting the use of reliable, non-polluting ships.

    Training

    Where training includes State aid components this must be notified. State aid for training is authorised when this meets the Commission’s general criteria such as proportionality, non-discrimination and transparency.

    Public service obligations (PSO) and contracts

    In its assessment of the contracts concerning PSO the Commission feels that making good the operating losses directly incurred by meeting certain public-service obligations does not constitute aid within the meaning of Article 92(1) of the Treaty. Notification under Article 93 (1) is therefore not necessary if:

    • there has been a public invitation to tender;
    • the call for tenders was accompanied by adequate publicity;
    • there has been no over-compensation or cross subsidy.

    Restrictions on aid

    The current approach lays down a maximum aid level corresponding to:

    • the calculation of the tax and social charges applying to seafarers;
    • the cancellation of the tax on shipping company turnover.

    In order to avoid any distortion of competition it should not be possible for greater benefits to be conferred by means of other aid systems.

    This summary is for information only and is not designed to interpret or replace the reference document which remains the only binding legal basis.

     

    Commission Action Plan towards an Integrated Internal Control Framework

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    Commission Action Plan towards an Integrated Internal Control Framework

    Outline of the Community (European Union) legislation about Commission Action Plan towards an Integrated Internal Control Framework

    Topics

    These categories group together and put in context the legislative and non-legislative initiatives which deal with the same topic.

    Budget

    Commission Action Plan towards an Integrated Internal Control Framework

    Document or Iniciative

    Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament and the European Court of Auditors of 17 January 2006 entitled “Commission Action Plan towards an Integrated Internal Control Framework” [COM(2006) 9 final – Not published in the Official Journal].

    Summary

    For each financial year, the European Court of Auditors (ECA) issues a Statement of Assurance (DAS) as regards implementation of the budget for which the Commission is responsible. In this connection, the Commission must provide the ECA with audit evidence for each financial year. Given the present Commission’s objective of obtaining a positive DAS during its term of office, it is proposing to introduce an integrated internal control framework.

    The communication reports on the progress made since the roadmap and on the gaps identified and lays down the main practical measures to be taken in 2006-07 with a view to introducing a coherent internal control framework. The concrete proposals for action have been grouped around four themes:

    • simplification and common control principles;
    • management declarations and audit assurance;
    • single audit approach: sharing results and prioritising cost-benefit;
    • sector-specific gaps.

    Simplification and common control principles

    The Commission is aiming to simplify as much as possible the regulatory framework proposed for the period 2007-13, including expenditure eligibility rules. Integrating common internal control principles will ensure that all stakeholders will be bound by a fundamental set of control principles. These common principles will also provide the ECA with a clearer basis for auditing management processes and procedures.

    In order to ensure that supervisory and control systems are in place to limit the risk of any irregularity, it is necessary to demonstrate the assurance and to provide evidence that the control strategy is effective.

    The Commission wishes to initiate an inter-institutional dialogue on the definition of reasonable assurance in terms of tolerable risk in underlying transactions.

    Management declarations and audit assurance

    In order to promote management declarations and audit assurance, the Commission intends to encourage declarations at operational level and the drawing up of synthesis reports at national level for each policy area.

    Other measures proposed by the Commission in order to promote management declarations and audit assurance are aimed at:

    • examining the utility of management declarations outside shared and indirect centralised management mode;
    • promoting best practices for increasing the cost-benefit of audits at project level;
    • facilitating additional assurance from supreme audit institutions (SAIs) regarding the management of Community funds.

    Single audit approach; sharing results and prioritising cost-benefit

    In order to avoid duplication of control work, sharing control information makes for greater effectiveness at each level in the chain. In the single audit approach, the sharing of audit and control data is key to improving the targeting of audit and control efforts.

    A model for determining costs and for estimating and making an initial analysis of the costs of controls must be introduced for shared management and centralised indirect management.

    The Commission stresses the importance of initiating pilot projects for evaluating the benefits to be gained from the different controls.

    Sector-specific gaps

    The proposed integrated framework must be capable of flexible application given the varying nature of individual EU policies. The Commission proposes measures for closing the gaps via management plans, with back-up in the form of annual activity reports from its participating departments.

    The controls under shared management (in particular as regards the Structural Funds) at regional level must be analysed, and especially the existing statements. In this connection, promotion of the “contracts of confidence” initiative for the Structural Funds provides audit assurance on an annual basis.

    Lastly, the Commission proposes establishing common guidelines per policy family in 2006 and 2007 in order to adopt consistent approaches, notably with regard to management of the risk of errors in the Structural Funds.

    Background

    For the Action Plan, the Commission has based itself primarily on:

    • ECA Opinion No 2/2004 on the “single audit” model (and a proposal for a Community internal control framework);
    • the Commission communication of June 2004 on a roadmap to an integrated internal control framework;
    • the assessment of gaps between the internal control framework within the Commission departments and the control principles set out in Opinion No 2/2004 of the Court of Auditors;
    • four Commission working groups that helped in October 2005 to draft the questions to be addressed in the communication;
    • the conclusions of the ECOFIN Council of 8 November 2005;
    • the reactions of the European Parliament and the Court of Auditors.

    Related Acts

    Report from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament and the European Court of Auditors on the progress of the Commission Action Plan towards An Integrated Internal Control Framework [COM(2007) 86 final – Not published in the Official Journal].

    Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament and the European Court of Auditors of 15 June 2005 on a roadmap to an integrated internal control framework [COM(2005) 252 final – Not published in the Official Journal].

    Opinion No 2/2004 of the Court of Auditors of the European Communities on the “single audit” model (and a proposal for a Community internal control framework) [Official Journal C 107, 30.04.2004].

    These two documents provide the reference framework for the Action Plan. They should help to set in place an integrated framework for ensuring effective and efficient internal control of European funds. This framework should be the basis on which the ECA will draw up the DAS.

    Competition: international dimension and enlargement

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    Competition: international dimension and enlargement

    Outline of the Community (European Union) legislation about Competition: international dimension and enlargement

    Topics

    These categories group together and put in context the legislative and non-legislative initiatives which deal with the same topic.

    Competition > Competition: international dimension and enlargement

    Competition: international dimension and enlargement

    In the context of increasing globalisation, the activities of European firms are becoming more and more international and the activities of firms in third countries are likely to have an impact on competition within the European Union. As such, international cooperation stands out as a key element of competition policy.
    Furthermore, the compliance of candidate States with the Community acquis on competition matters is an essential requirement for their accession to the Union.

    ENLARGEMENT

    Ongoing enlargement

    • Croatia – Competition
    • Turkey – Competition
    • The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia – Competition
    • Iceland – Competition

    Enlargement of January 2007

    • Bulgaria
    • Romania

    Enlargement of May 2004

    • Cyprus
    • Estonia
    • Hungary
    • Latvia
    • Lithuania
    • Malta
    • Poland
    • The Czech Republic
    • Slovakia
    • Slovenia

    Conservation, characterisation, collection and utilisation of genetic resources in agriculture

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    Conservation, characterisation, collection and utilisation of genetic resources in agriculture

    Outline of the Community (European Union) legislation about Conservation, characterisation, collection and utilisation of genetic resources in agriculture

    Topics

    These categories group together and put in context the legislative and non-legislative initiatives which deal with the same topic.

    Agriculture > Environment

    Conservation, characterisation, collection and utilisation of genetic resources in agriculture

    Document or Iniciative

    Council Regulation (EC) No 870/2004 of 24 April 2004 establishing a Community programme on the conservation, characterisation, collection and utilisation of genetic resources in agriculture, and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1467/94

    Summary

    During the period 2004-06, the Commission is implementing a Community programme covering plant, microbial and animal genetic resources * which are or could be of use in agriculture. The amount allocated to the programme is 10 million.

    The Commission selects the actions to be part-financed under the programme on the basis of calls for proposals and following evaluation by independent experts. Proposals may be submitted by a public sector body or any natural or legal person who is a national of a Member State and established in the Community, in an EFTA/EEA country, or in an associated country in accordance with the conditions stipulated in a bilateral agreement.

    The actions, which may last for a maximum of four years, may be of three types:

    • targeted actions, part-financed up to a maximum of 50% of their total cost and including:
      – transnational actions promoting the ex situ and in situ conservation *, characterisation, collection and utilisation of genetic resources in agriculture;
      – the establishment of a European decentralised, permanent and widely accessible web-based inventory of genetic resources currently conserved in situ including in situ/on-farm genetic resources conservation activities;
      – the establishment of a European decentralised, permanent and widely accessible web-based inventory of the ex situ collections (gene banks) and in situ resources;
      – the promotion of regular exchanges of technical and scientific information among competent organisations in the Member States;
    • concerted actions, part-financed up to a maximum of 80% of their total cost, transnational in character and promoting the exchange of information on thematic issues for the purpose of improving the coordination of actions and programmes in the sphere concerned;
    • accompanying actions, part-financed up to a maximum of 80% of their total cost and comprising information, dissemination and advisory actions, training courses and the preparation of technical reports.

    Once an action has been approved, the Commission will conclude a grant agreement with the participants setting out detailed criteria for the reporting, dissemination, protection and exploitation of the results of the action.

    The Commission is assisted by a Committee on the conservation, characterisation, collection and utilisation of genetic resources in agriculture. The Commission may also call on the assistance of scientific and technical experts for the implementation of the programme.

    At the end of the programme, the Commission will appoint a group of independent experts to report on the implementation of the Regulation, to assess the results and to make appropriate recommendations. The group’s report will be submitted to the European Parliament, the Council and the European Economic and Social Committee.

    Key terms used in the act
    • “Plant genetic resources” means those of agricultural crops, horticultural crops, medicinal plants and aromatics, fruit crops, forest trees and wild flora which are or could be of use in agriculture.
    • “Genetic material” means any material of plant, microbial or animal origin, including reproductive and vegetative propagating material, containing functional units of heredity.
    • “In situ conservation” means the conservation of genetic material in ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species or feral breeds in their natural surroundings and, in the case of domesticated animal breeds or cultivated plant species, in the farmed environment where they have developed their distinctive properties.
    • “Ex situ conservation” means the conservation of genetic material outside its natural habitat.

    References

    Act Entry into force Deadline for transposition in the Member States Official Journal
    Regulation (EC) No 870/2004 7.5.2004 – OJ L 162 of 30.4.2004

    Competition in transport by rail, road and inland waterway

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    Competition in transport by rail, road and inland waterway

    Outline of the Community (European Union) legislation about Competition in transport by rail, road and inland waterway

    Topics

    These categories group together and put in context the legislative and non-legislative initiatives which deal with the same topic.

    Competition > Rules applicable to specific sectors > Competition in transport

    Competition in transport by rail, road and inland waterway

    Document or Iniciative

    Council Regulation (EC) No 169/2009 of 26 February 2009 applying rules of competition to transport by rail, road and inland waterway.

    Summary

    This regulation repeals Regulation (EEC) No 1017/68 with the exception of Article 13(3) of that regulation, which continues to apply to decisions adopted under Article 5 of Regulation (EEC) No 1017/68 before 1 May 2004 until the date of expiration of those decisions.

    As provided for by Articles 101 and 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) (ex-Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty Establishing the European Community (TEC)), anticompetitive agreements and concerted practices, as well abuses of dominance are prohibited. This regulation applies to agreements, decisions and concerted practices which have as their object or effect:

    • the fixing of transport rates and conditions;
    • the limitation or control of the supply of transport;
    • the sharing of transport markets;
    • the application of technical improvements or technical cooperation;
    • the joint financing or acquisition of transport equipment or supplies where such operations are directly related to the provision of transport services and are necessary for the joint operation of services by a grouping of road or inland waterway transport firms.

    Exception for technical agreements

    The prohibition provided for in Article 101(1) TFEU does not apply to agreements, decisions or concerted practices which have the object and effect of applying technical improvements or achieving technical cooperation by means of:

    • the standardisation of equipment, transport supplies, vehicles or fixed installations;
    • the exchange or pooling, for the purpose of operating transport services, of staff, equipment, vehicles or fixed installations;
    • the organisation and execution of successive, complementary, substitute or combined transport operations, and the fixing and application of inclusive rates and conditions for such operations, including special competitive rates;
    • the use, for journeys by a single mode of transport, of the routes which are most rational from the operational point of view;
    • the coordination of transport timetables for connecting routes;
    • the grouping of single consignments;
    • the establishment of uniform rules as to the structure of tariffs and their conditions of application, provided such rules do not lay down transport rates and conditions.

    Exemption for groups of small and medium-sized undertakings

    This regulation also provides an exemption for groups of small and medium-sized undertakings, where the individual capacity of each firm belonging to a grouping may not exceed 1 000 tonnes for road transport or 50 000 tonnes for inland waterway transport (the total carrying capacity of any grouping must not exceed 10 000 tonnes for road transport and 500 000 tonnes for inland waterway transport). However, if the implementation of agreements, decisions or concerted practices has effects which are incompatible with the requirements of Article 101(3) TFEU, undertakings may be required to make such effects cease.

    References

    Act Entry into force Deadline for transposition in the Member States Official Journal
    Regulation (EC) No 169/2009

    25.3.2009

    –

    O J L 61 of 5.3.2009

    Community standards on staging points

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    Community standards on staging points

    Outline of the Community (European Union) legislation about Community standards on staging points

    Topics

    These categories group together and put in context the legislative and non-legislative initiatives which deal with the same topic.

    Food safety > Animal welfare

    Community standards on staging points

    Document or Iniciative

    Council Regulation (EC) No 1255/97 of 25 June 1997 concerning Community criteria for staging points and amending the route plan referred to in the Annex to Directive 91/628/EEC [See amending acts].

    Summary

    Control posts (this term replaces the previous ‘staging points’) are places where animals are rested for 12 hours or more, under the rules on journey time restrictions laid down in Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 1/2005. They may only be used to receive, feed, water, rest, accommodate, care for and dispatch animals passing through.

    Only animals of the same health status certified in accordance with Community legislation may be present at the same time at control posts.

    Each control post must be approved and authorised by the competent authority. Such approval may be limited to particular categories or particular health statuses of animal. This information must be forwarded to the Commission, which draws up a list of control posts.

    To be approved, control posts must meet the requirements of Annex I to 1/2005. In particular, the following must be ensured:

    • the premises must be constructed and operated so as to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Suitable and effective cleaning procedures and equipment must also be provided: the premises must be cleaned and disinfected after each use;
    • the premises must have suitable equipment and facilities for loading and unloading animals from the means of transport, in particular a non-slip floor covering and, where necessary, lateral protection;
    • personnel and equipment entering into contact with the animals accommodated must remain exclusively dedicated to the premises concerned unless they have been cleaned and disinfected;
    • animal litter, faeces and urine may not be collected from the premises until they have been appropriately treated to prevent the spread of disease;
    • appropriate sanitary breaks between two consecutive consignments of animals must be observed to allow proper cleaning and disinfection.

    Control posts must also be located in areas not subject to prohibition of or restrictions on movement for health reasons.

    Control posts are under the authority of an official veterinarian and must undergo regular inspection, at least twice a year, to ensure that the requirements for approval are met.

    The use of a control post may be suspended in serious cases, particularly on animal health or welfare grounds. The Member State imposing the suspension must inform the Commission and the other Member States thereof, and it may only lift the suspension after notifying the Commission and the other Member States, stating the reasons.

    Where Community legislation is not complied with, the Commission may suspend the use of a control post or withdraw it from the list following on-the-spot checks by experts.

    Each passage through a control post must be entered by the official veterinarian in the journey log introduced by Regulation (EC) No 1/2005.

    The Regulation may be amended by simplified procedure where the animal health situation so requires.

    References

    Act Entry into force Deadline for transposition in the Member States Official Journal
    Regulation (EC) No 1255/97 2.7.1997 – OJ L 174 of 2.7.1997
    Amending act(s) Entry into force Deadline for transposition in the Member States Official Journal
    Regulation (EC) No 1040/2003 9.7.2003 – OJ L 151 of 19.6.2003
    Regulation (EC) No 1/2005 25.1.2005 – OJ L 3 of 5.1.2005

    Control measures: fish diseases

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    Control measures: fish diseases

    Outline of the Community (European Union) legislation about Control measures: fish diseases

    Topics

    These categories group together and put in context the legislative and non-legislative initiatives which deal with the same topic.

    Food safety > Animal health

    Control measures: fish diseases

    Community measures have been adopted to combat certain fish diseases effectively in order to stop them spreading.

    Document or Iniciative

    Council Directive 93/53/EEC of 24 June 1993 introducing minimum Community measures for the control of certain fish diseases [See amending acts].

    Summary

    This Directive establishes minimum Community measures for combating certain fish diseases in order to stop them spreading within the European Union (EU). It will be repealed on 1 August 2008 in accordance with the Directive on animal health requirements for aquaculture animals and products thereof (See “related acts” below).

    The diseases covered by the Directive are divided into two groups in accordance with the classification set out in the Directive on animal health requirements for aquaculture animals and products thereof:

    • infectious salmon anaemia,
    • viral haemorrhagic septicaemia, haematopoietic necrosis, bonamiosis and marteiliosis.

    All farms that have fish susceptible to these diseases must keep an up-to-date register listing all fish arriving, leaving or dying at the farm.

    If fish are suspected of being infected with one of these diseases, Member States must inform the official service that is to carry out the investigations necessary to confirm or rule out the presence of the disease.

    This official service must immediately place the farm under surveillance until the presence of the suspected disease has been ruled out.

    If the disease is confirmed to be present, the official service must take a number of additional measures, such as removing all live fish, disinfecting the pools and disposing of the diseased fish.

    If there are suspected cases of one of these diseases on an approved farm, Member States must carry out an epizootic investigation. If this confirms the presence of the disease, the farm is considered suspect and the appropriate measures must be applied.

    Where fish on a non-approved farm are suspected of being infected with one of these diseases, Member States must take a number of measures, including taking steps to confirm whether or not the disease is present and drawing up a list of infected farms.

    Each Member State must designate a reference laboratory to carry out the analyses required by this Directive. These laboratories must cooperate with the Community reference laboratory in Aarhus (Denmark), whose role is coordinate and provide assistance.

    Commission experts may carry out on-the-spot checks to verify that this Directive is being properly applied.

    References

    Act Entry into force – Date of expiry Deadline for transposition in the Member States Official Journal
    Directive 93/53/EEC 19.7.1993 1.7.1994 OJ L 175, 19.7.1993
    Amending act(s) Entry into force Deadline for transposition in the Member States Official Journal
    Directive 2000/27/EC 13.5.2000 1.12.2000 OJ L 114, 13.5.2000
    Decision 2001/288/EC 10.4.2001 – OJ L 99, 10.4.2001
    Act of Accession of the Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia 1.5.2004 – OJ L 236, 23.9.2003
    Decision 2006/911/EC 12.12.2006 – OJ L 346, 9.12.2006
    Directive 2006/88/EC 13.12.2007 1.5.2008 OJ L 328, 24.11.2006
    Directive 2006/104/EC 1.1.2007 – OJ L 363, 20.12.2006
    Decision 2007/729/CE 13.11.2007 – OJ L 294, 13.11.2007

    Related Acts

    Councilof 24 October 2006 on animal health requirements for aquaculture animals and products thereof, and on the prevention and control of certain diseases in aquatic animals [Official Journal L 328 of 24.11.2006].
    This Directive updates, recasts and consolidates the animal health rules for trade in aquaculture products (fish, molluscs and crustaceans), including those on the prevention and control of diseases that affect these animals and products.

    Commission Decision 2003/466/EC of 13 June 2003 establishing criteria for zoning and official surveillance following suspicion or confirmation of the presence of infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) [Official Journal L 156 of 25 June 2003].

    Commission Decision 2001/183/EC of 22 February 2001 laying down the sampling plans and diagnostic methods for the detection and confirmation of certain fish diseases and repealing Decision 92/532/EEC [Official Journal L 67 of 9 March 2001].

     

    Control of classical swine fever

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    Control of classical swine fever

    Outline of the Community (European Union) legislation about Control of classical swine fever

    Topics

    These categories group together and put in context the legislative and non-legislative initiatives which deal with the same topic.

    Food safety > Animal health

    Control of classical swine fever

    Document or Iniciative

    Council Directive 2001/89/EC of 23 October 2001 on Community measures for the control of classical swine fever [See amending act(s)]

    Summary

    The Directive is designed to ensure an adequate degree of preparation enabling an effective response to be given to emergency situations. The Member States have to draw up contingency plans indicating the vaccine requirements in the event of contamination and the areas with a high density of pigs. They also have to ensure that a national disease control centre and local centres can be established immediately in the event of outbreaks of the disease. Moreover, the feeding of catering waste to pigs is prohibited, as it is likely to constitute a danger of propagation of the disease.

    If the presence of swine fever on its territory is suspected or confirmed, the Member State concerned must inform the competent authority immediately. It must also provide information to the Commission and the other Member States on the cases observed.

    The competent authority must then immediately initiate official investigations in accordance with the procedures laid down in the diagnostic manual (see Decision 2002/106/EC). This manual guarantees the uniformity of diagnostic procedures. The coordination of diagnostic standards and methods (see Annex III of the Directive) is carried out by a national laboratory designated by Member States who then communicate the name and address of their laboratory to the other Member States and to the public.

    The Commission may send experts to carry out on-the-spot checks in the Member States in order to ensure the uniform application of this Directive.

    Presence of swine fever on a holding

    If the suspicion cannot be invalidated, the holding is placed under official supervision. In particular, movements to and from the holding must be prohibited or made subject to authorisation. Access ways to the holding and means of transport leaving it must be disinfected.

    Once the presence of the disease has been officially confirmed, all the pigs on the holding are killed and their carcasses rendered. Any material (meat, sperm, ova) or waste likely to be contaminated is destroyed, rendered or processed to destroy the virus.

    Next, the buildings housing the pigs, the vehicles transporting them or their carcasses and the equipment, bedding, manure and slurry likely to be contaminated must be cleaned and disinfected. These operations are carried out under official supervision with products approved by the competent authority.

    An epidemiological enquiry is carried out on the basis of the questionnaires drawn up as part of the contingency plans. It must cover the length of time during which the virus may have existed before the disease was notified, the possible origin of the fever and the movements of persons, vehicles, pigs or any other material which could have transported the virus.

    In the case of holdings comprising different production units, it is possible, following various checks by an official veterinarian, to derogate from these measures in healthy production units.

    The competent authority must also establish, around the outbreak of the disease:

    • a surveillance zone with a radius of at least 10 kilometres;
    • a protection zone with a radius of at least 3 kilometres.

    Special safety measures must be applied in each of these zones. They involve in particular a census of all holdings, prohibition of any movement or transport of pigs, and all necessary cleaning and disinfection. The competent authority may in some cases and only under certain conditions authorise the removal of pigs from a holding situated in a surveillance or protection zone.

    Pigs may not be reintroduced to a holding affected by the disease until 30 days after the completion of the cleaning and disinfection operations. In open-air holdings, full repopulation may take place only if none of the first pigs returned has developed antibodies against the virus.

    In a slaughterhouse or means of transport, once the presence of the disease has been confirmed all susceptible* animals present must be killed. New animals may not be reintroduced until 24 hours after the completion of cleaning and disinfection operations. The carcasses, offal and animal waste of possibly contaminated pigs must be processed under official supervision.

    The case of feral pigs

    As soon as confirmation of a primary case of classical swine fever in feral pigs* has taken place, the competent authority of the Member State concerned must set up an expert group to assist it. It must determine the infected area and the measures to be applied there.

    It must immediately place under official surveillance the pig holdings in the area. In this connection, it must order that an official census be carried out of all categories of pigs on all holdings, that all pigs on the holding be kept isolated from feral pigs and that no pigs enter or leave the holding without its authorisation.

    Within 90 days from the confirmation of the disease, the Member States must submit to the Commission a written plan of the measures taken to eradicate the disease in the infected area. Once they have been approved, these measures replace those laid down previously. They include collecting information on:

    • the results of the epidemiological investigations and the geographical distribution of the disease;
    • the infected area determined on the territory of the Member State concerned;
    • the information campaign to be organised to increase hunters’ awareness of the measures to be taken;
    • the approximate number of meta-populations of feral pigs* in and around the infected area;
    • the method of removal of feral pigs found dead or shot and the epidemiological enquiry carried out on each of them.

    Every six months, the Member State concerned must forward to the Commission and the other Member States a report on the results of the eradication plan and the epidemiological situation in the affected area.

    The use of classical swine fever vaccines is, in principle, prohibited. However, after confirmation of a risk of spread of the disease, the Member State concerned may submit an emergency vaccination plan to the Commission. This measure is possible for both farm pigs and feral pigs.

    Key terms of the Act
    • Susceptible animal: an animal who has not developed immunity against classical swine fever virus.
    • Feral pig: pigs that are not kept or raised in farms.
    • Meta-population of feral pigs: any group or sub-population of feral pigs with limited contracts with other groups or sub-populations.

    References

    Act Entry into force Deadline for transposition in the Member States Official Journal
    Directive 2001/89/EC

    1.12.2001

    1.11.2002

    OJ L 316 of 1.12.2001
    Amending Acts Entry into force Deadline for transposition in the Member States Official Journal
    Directive 2008/73/EC

    3.9.2008

    1.1.2010

    OJ L 219 of 14.8.2008

    Successive amendments and corrections to Directive 2001/89/EC have been incorporated into the basic text. This consolidated version  is for reference purposes only.

    MODIFICATION OF THE ANNEXES

    Annex III – List and duties of national classical swine fever laboratories
    Decision 2006/911/CE [Official Journal L 346 of 9.12.2006];
    Directive 2006/104/CE [Official Journal L 363 of 20.12.2006];
    Decision 2007/729/CE [Official Journal L 294 of 13.11.2007];
    Directive 2008/73/CE [Official Journal L 219 of 14.8.2008].

    Related Acts

    Commission Decision 2007/19/EC of 22 December 2006 approving contingency plans for the control of classical swine fever pursuant to Council Directive 2001/89/EC [Official Journal L 7 of 12.1.2007].

    Commission Decision 2007/682/EC of 18 October 2007 on the renewal of the Community stocks of live attenuated vaccine against classical swine fever [Official Journal L 281 of 25.10.2007].

    Commission Decision 2006/553/EC of 4 August 2006 on the purchase by the Community of marker vaccine against classical swine fever to increase the Community stocks of those vaccines [Official Journal L 217 of 8.8.2006].